全国第十个超大城市来了

来源：央视网综合潮新闻

杭州GDP站上两万亿元之后，又一个重磅消息传来：进行中的2024杭州市两会上，政府工作报告提到“城区总人口突破千万，实现从特大城市到超大城市的跨越”。

这是中国第十座，也是浙江第一座超大城市，“大国大城”的角逐进入新赛段。

根据国务院对城市规模的划分，城区人口300万以上为大城市，500万以上为特大城市，1000万以上为超大城市。目前，我国城区人口突破千万的城市有10个（不含港澳台地区），其余分别是上海、北京、深圳、重庆、广州、成都、天津、东莞、武汉。

超大城市缘何晋升

吸引人口的根本还是产业

一个城市的规模等级，看的不是全市常住人口，也不是户籍人口，而是城区人口。根据住建部《2022年城市建设统计年鉴》，杭州城区人口709万，城区暂住人口293.1万，城区总人口突破千万，晋升超大城市。

潮新闻记者 魏志阳 摄

为什么要用城区人口判断城市规模？在我国，城市更多是一种行政区划概念，既有“城”，也有大量县、乡镇。因此，在定义城市规模时，以相对严格的城区人口为基础，更能客观评价一座城市的能级。

杭州城区人口总量，有几个重要的分水岭。

第一个是2015年。在此前，杭州城区人口增长缓慢，从2006年271.81万，到2014年385.67万，8年只增长了约113万人。

到了2015年，杭州城区人口增长138万人，正式升级为特大城市。“行政区划调整及产业发展是重要因素。”杭州市规划委员会专家委员会副主任委员汤海孺说，当时富阳撤市设区，给杭州城区人口带来快速增长。事实上，在全国超大城市中，北京、成都、重庆等城市，都曾经历行政区划调整带来城区人口快速增长的阶段。

第二个是2016年，峰会效应和亚运筹办效应，让杭州人口迅猛增长。2020年，杭州城区人口810万；2021年，杭州城区人口993万……在第七次人口普查时，杭州已经替代上海，成为了十年间长三角人口总量的“增长之王”。

可见，G20峰会和亚运会，不仅让世界打开了一扇认识杭州的窗，也让国内的年轻人开始重新认识杭州。

分水岭只体现了表象，人口增长的根本原因还是产业。

“特别是数字经济加速集聚发展，头部企业加速扩张，为高技能年轻人才创造了大量就业机会。”汤海孺说，过去10多年，正好是杭州数字经济崛起时期，电商平台交易量和第三方支付能力全国第一，智能安防产业市场占有率全球第一。

“更重要的是，以互联网为代表的生产型服务业，通过引入数字经济人才，再带动家庭人口流入，最后产生生活型服务业需求，又提供了大量的创业就业机会。”浙江大学人口学数据与政策仿真研究基地主任米红教授说。

如作为杭州数字经济的主要承载地，杭州城西科创大走廊人口显著增长，目前已有常住人口约90万人，过去五年平均增长率约8%。其中，20-44岁人口占57.67%，超过总人口的二分之一，人口年轻化、高知化、国际化特征明显，成为了杭州城区人口增长的重要增长极。 

人口与产业集聚中

“大国大城”别有使命与红利

全国人口大盘见顶，在超大城市、特大城市扩容时，人口分布的分化同步进行。

看向有数据可查的全国2700余个县（市、区），常住人口减少的有近1500个。同时，山西、安徽等省份也在推进人口小县机构改革试点工作。

所有信号，都在说明“大国大城”的时代来了。从全球来看，这也是大国城市经济发展的规律：美国人口数量排名前十的城市，集聚了该国约8%的人口；而日本东京都一座城市的人口，就占了该国总人口的11%左右。

“大国大城”，别有使命。早些年，当有些人还在讨论大城市承载力过载时，上海交通大学中国发展研究院执行院长陆铭在《大国大城》一书中旗帜鲜明地提出，只有在聚集中经济发展才能走向均衡，才能充分发挥出大国的竞争力，并提升全体人民的公共利益。事实也说明，当下人口规模所带来的正效应，已远超其所产生的负效应，这种力量就主导了人口流动方向。

正因如此，我国不少省份，都推出了强省会战略。如成都、武汉入列超大城市，就是源于强省会战略的推行，进一步提升了省会的人口集聚度。根据第七次人口普查数据，虽成都人口已超过了2000万人，但在四川21个市（州）中，只有8个出现人口正增长，其余都变成了净流出。

相对于强省会虹吸周边，杭州算是“大国大城”的一个特例。

“第七次人口普查数据显示，浙江11个城市全部实现正增长，说明作为浙江省会，杭州人口的高速增长并不是靠虹吸周边城市。”在米红看来，这几乎就是一种奇迹，在全国各个省份都不多见，充分说明了杭州对全国人口的吸引力正在不断增强。

“随着杭州经济重要性和社会影响力在全国的地位上升，尤其是成为超大城市后，杭州已经不能局限于一个城市的发展，也不能局限于带动省域发展。”汤海孺感觉到，国家赋予杭州的重任在不断升级。2023年，杭州都市圈规划获国家批复，正式晋升为国家级都市圈，也是全国第三个跨省的都市圈。

杭州对自身的定位也在不断升级。从争创综合性国家科学中心，到努力培育国家中心城市，再到构筑科技成果转移转化首选地……一个个对标世界级、国家级的城市目标，将让杭州进一步加速集聚人口，建立更具竞争力的产业体系、实现更高效的城市运行、释放更深厚的民生福祉，为人口规模巨大的中国式现代化作出超大城市该有的解答。

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#07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:#191919;background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) 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